Dr. Sasha Rubel:

I thank the Deputy for the question. We are particularly focused on empowering start-ups to be able to have access to technology. It is one of the reasons we launched our service called Amazon Bedrock, which makes it very easy for smaller companies to adopt technology and to innovate with AI. We, in our DNA, have three commitments. One is customer choice, another is confidentiality linked to data security and privacy, and the third is control of costs. One of the things we hear from start-ups is, "Is innovating with AI not expensive?" What we have done through Amazon Bedrock is to make available different foundation models so that start-ups can access the model that is the best suited for their use case and pay exactly what they consume with regard to running inference or fine-tuning the models we make available, which are a plethora of different models through Bedrock.

In addition to this commitment to customer choice, the other element we have is a series of programmes that are particularly focused on supporting start-ups in scaling. We have what we call our AWS generative AI incubator, which particularly targets start-ups that are leveraging AI for social impact. We are just about to launch our AI for Good accelerator shortly, which is dedicated specifically to looking at companies and organisations but also non-profits that are harnessing AI for impact.

In parallel to these innovation incubators, we also offer a series of skilling initiatives that are dedicated to start-ups that would like to innovate with AI but do not necessarily know how. I would like to underline that these programmes are especially dedicated to getting under-represented groups more involved in AI, especially women. We have a series of initiatives, for example, our AWS re/Start programme or our AWS GetIT programme, which are dedicated to helping start-ups identify the issue they would like to address and how AI can help, and leveraging that in transforming these ideas, which are dedicated to social impact, into action and viable businesses.