John Brady (Wicklow, Sinn Fein)
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902. To ask the Minister for Education and Skills if she will consider applying a grade adjustment to previous years’ applicants taking into consideration the grade inflation; and if she will make a statement on the matter. [19525/25]

Eoin Ó Broin (Dublin Mid West, Sinn Fein)
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915. To ask the Minister for Education and Skills if her Department has assessed the impact to students of this year’s proposed changes in relation to grade inflation in Leaving Certificate 2025; if previous year’s results are to be amended; and if she will make a statement on the matter. [19650/25]

Helen McEntee (Meath East, Fine Gael)
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I propose to take Questions Nos. 902 and 915 together.

Following the implementation of calculated grades in 2020 and the dual approach of examinations and accredited grades in 2021, two types of intervention have been implemented in recent years: adjustments to examination and assessments arrangements, and a post-marking adjustment to outcomes. This post-marking adjustment has ensured that results in the aggregate have remained the same on average since 2021.

As is widely recognised, it is appropriate to return over time to normal arrangements for Leaving Certificate outcomes. On 17 April 2024, the then-Minister announced that the return to normal Leaving Certificate outcomes would begin in 2025 and that it would be a gradual reduction in line with the commitment that there would be no “cliff-edge” in overall results on the aggregate.

I am very conscious of the stress of the exam period on students and do not want to add to this stress. While grade inflation must be reduced, it must be done in a way that is as fair as possible.

For 2025, therefore, the State Examinations Commission (SEC) will again apply a post-marking adjustment once marking is complete. This adjustment will bring results in the aggregate up to a point broadly midway between 2020 and 2021 levels.

This initial reduction is being done at a slower and more gradual pace than grade inflation occurred during the pandemic. Leaving Certificate grades rose by 4.4% in 2020, and in 2021 they rose by an additional 2.6%, bringing the overall increase to approximately 7 percentage points over 2019 levels. Results in the aggregate in 2025 are expected to be above 2019 levels by at least 5.5 percentage points on average.

This very gradual pace aims to minimise the impact on students as far as possible.

In addition, the examinations and assessment adjustments that have applied in recent years continue to apply for students in 2025. These assist students by leaving intact the familiar overall structure of the examinations, while incorporating additional choice for students in the examinations. In some cases, the adjustment measures provide more time for tuition by, for example, reducing preparatory work for practical examinations.

Regarding Leaving Certificate results from previous years; it is a clear and established principle that the Leaving Certificate in any given year has to stand on its own merits. Final grades for those examinations have already issued.

Access to higher education is a matter for the Department of Further and Higher Education, Research, Innovation and Science (DFHERIS). My Department is working closely with DFHERIS, which has emphasised it is strongly committed to supporting students as evidenced in the creation of additional places in a number of high-demand courses over the past number of years. These additional places have been created in medicine, nursing, pharmacy, and therapy disciplines among others. Further additionality is in place for 2025, including a new programme in dentistry.