Martin Kenny (Sligo-Leitrim, Sinn Fein)
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76. To ask the Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine when his Department will implement the new measures to tackle TB; and if he will make a statement on the matter. [36040/25]

Martin Kenny (Sligo-Leitrim, Sinn Fein)
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I raise with the Minister the situation as regards TB, which is at crisis point across the country. I know the TB forum has set out a number of measures that have yet to be enacted. I would like to get an update on when these are going to happen. Many of these actions are difficult for farmers. When they have a reactor or their farm is locked down as a result of TB, the last thing they need is a more difficult and strenuous situation that will cause them an even greater loss. We need clarity on many of these issues because farmers are very distressed at the prospect of having to enter into a new situation where they will be further disadvantaged by losses related to TB.

Martin Heydon (Kildare South, Fine Gael)
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I thank the Deputy for raising this important issue. To answer his question directly, the last thing farmers need is a further increase in the spread of TB. That is the root cause of all of this stress and concern, which the Deputy has articulated very clearly and on which I completely agree with him. My job is to provide leadership and to bring farmers with us. Everybody is going to have to do a little bit more here. That includes my Department and its officials as regards my budget. We are all going to have to do a bit more as we change our approach to TB.

As the Deputy will know, bovine TB is a very challenging disease to control and eradicate. Levels have continued to deteriorate in recent years. Herd incidence has increased from 4.31% in 2022 to 6.04% in 2024, resulting in a 36% increase in the number of herds restricted between 2022 and 2024. As of 22 June of this year, over a 12-month period we had a herd incidence of 6.43 %. In 2024, it was 6.04% and it is now 6.43% with over 43,455 reactors. This disease is having an impact on farmers and their families both financially and emotionally throughout rural Ireland.

As the Deputy will know, following extensive discussions at the TB forum, I met with TB stakeholders on 8 May and farming organisations and key stakeholders on 22 May with a view to agreeing an action plan for bovine TB based on the most effective ways to mitigate the impact of bovine TB on farm families and to reduce herd incidence and spread of the disease. At these meetings, I presented five key pillars to address the current rates of bovine TB. The first was to support herds free of bovine TB in remaining free. The second was to reduce the impact of wildlife on the spread of bovine TB. The third was to detect and eliminate bovine TB infection as early as possible in herds with a TB breakdown to avoid future breakdowns. The fourth was to help farmers improve all areas of on-farm biosecurity and the fifth was to reduce the impact of known high-risk animals in spreading bovine TB. I will provide further answers in my supplementary responses.

Martin Kenny (Sligo-Leitrim, Sinn Fein)
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To get to the issues that are of most concern to many people in the agricultural community, one of the issues farmers are concerned about is the proposal that a sign be put up at marts where there is a reactor in a herd. This would be there for quite a long time and would restrict farmers in getting a decent price for their animals. That is an issue that needs to be dealt with very sensitively. We do not want farmers to be at a disadvantage because they have had the misfortune of having TB in their herds, something which, in most cases, is not their fault. That needs to be dealt with.

One of the other issues is the restrictions as to where and to whom farmers can sell their cattle. In many cases, the only option they will have is to sell to the finishing lots or the factories. This restricts the market, which will be bad for farmers. We need to understand whether there will be some way of mitigating those disadvantages for farmers. Clarity also needs to be brought to the rates of compensation farmers are going to get under this new regime so that we know exactly where we stand.

On the control of animals at high risk, we understand that there are going to be restrictions and further testing. In effect, it will probably be three years after a clear test that farmers will be back to normal. I would like clarity as to where we stand as regards all of that.

Martin Heydon (Kildare South, Fine Gael)
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While trying to bring people with us and minimise the impact on farmers, who are already extremely stressed, I have to ensure that we have a science-based approach and that what we do is backed up by science. There are three very clear causes of the spread of bovine TB: cattle-to-cattle transmission, residual transmission and wildlife. If we do not have a suite of measures that, when layered over one another, give us a level of cover that addresses all three of those areas, we will fail. That involves difficult decisions for all of us. It also involves a change of practice in how my Department operates, in how testing operates, in how we deal with herds and in what is identified as a high-risk herd because what we have been doing has not worked and has left gaps. That is because we do not have 100% foolproof testing. The skin test has 80% efficacy. I want to introduce a lot more blood testing in high-risk categories. The efficacy rate of such testing is over 90%. Ultimately, there is more TB left in herds that we have to identify. We have to identify it early and get it out rather than waiting and finding it later on because that is where the disease is seeding. There is a range of measures we can take to address that.

Martin Kenny (Sligo-Leitrim, Sinn Fein)
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I appreciate all of that. To give credit where it is due, something is being done. A crisis has been allowed to evolve over the years. What we need this morning, if we can get it, is a commitment as to when this is going to happen and clarity on those issues I raised regarding the difficulties farmers going to the market are going to have and so on. We need to see that clarity. We also need to see where the budget for this is going to come from. From a departmental point of view, it will obviously cost more to bring in these new rules and regulations and implement them properly. If they are only half-heartedly implemented, they will not work. All of us, including the Minister, understand that. That will require more resources but it will put farmers in a position where they can have confidence in the scheme. The problem we have at the moment is that farmers do not have confidence in it. They see feedlots and other things that are hit-and-miss in how well they are run and they have difficulty understanding why all the emphasis has once again been put on the farmers who find themselves in a situation where TB has spread to their farms, often through wildlife.

They are the ones who feel they are being punished for it. We need clarity and we need to ensure the budget is there to ensure people can have confidence in this new scheme.

Martin Heydon (Kildare South, Fine Gael)
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I want to provide that clarity as soon as possible and to restore confidence in this scheme. The final set of proposals I bring forward will be the biggest change in our approach to TB in the 75 years the disease has been in this country. I have held discussions and meetings that have fed into the TB plan, which I intend to finalise the details of and publish shortly. At a Cabinet meeting on Tuesday, 24 June, I received approval and support from my Government colleagues to address the current high level of bovine TB with this plan. The Deputy is dead right to say this will be expensive. It will cost more money in the short term. I believe it is a strong business case because I am front-loading expenditure to save money in the long run. That is definitely a case I am making, but a significant amount of money will be required. If we are successful, it will not necessarily identify more herds affected, but will identify earlier more reactors within the herds affected. We need that to happen to get them out and to stop them seeding the disease out. These new measures will require significant changes to the existing TB programme. There will be significant funding and other implications. We are currently working through the necessary preparations to implement these changes as soon as possible.