Dr. Deepak Padmanabhan:

That is partly because of the lack of transparency of these models. We are looking at taking a lot of data and these data are created by specific people all around the world. A caseworker in a public service exercises agency whereas here, the decision comes out of a number of data points that are distilled through a number of algorithmic pipelines, so there is the notion of distributed agency. When the agency of the decision cannot be attributed to one particular actor but across a lot of different actors, it becomes hard to maintain accountability. We cannot hold somebody to account.