H.E. Ms Larysa Gerasko:

I thank the Deputy for his question. With regard to frozen assets, these mechanisms for using frozen Russian assets is under discussion right now within the EU. We urge the EU and its member states to adopt these mechanisms more quickly in order to use these assets. I am not sure that Ireland can use these assets by making its own decisions to do so. I do not know Ireland's legislation, to be honest. This mechanism is under discussion within the EU.

On the question about dual-use equipment, and it is not only-dual use, no Irish company, or at least we do not know of any Irish companies, that violate the sanctions regime. We discovered a few components in drones which attacked Ukraine but these components have never been sold to Russia. They are re-exported. As I mentioned in my statement, some companies export these components to other countries. These other countries then re-export to Russia. It actually circumvents the sanctions. That is the point. We are talking about these third countries as non-EU countries. It is very easy to check how levels of exports with some countries, if we are talking about Ireland, have increased. For some countries, the level has increased by more than 100% or even more. We have to be very careful and analyse this export data.