Mr. Hugh Creegan:

I will say one that is easy and one that is hard, if that is okay. As to the easy one, it has taken longer to role out major infrastructure projects. The members all know that. That is being dealt with now at central government level. There is a task force in place and there are various initiatives coming out of it. There is an absolute commitment to unlock some of the causes of delay in the planning system previously, which I think have been sorted out, in the approval system, which is being sorted out, and in the legal system, including judicial reviews, which are being looked at. That is one big area which it is worth alluding to but which, I think and hope, has been successfully addressed.

To address the harder and unpopular one, despite all we are doing to put in new infrastructure and new services and to electrify, there will have to be measures to manage car use in urban areas in particular. Whether it is a low-emission zone or various other measures, the work we have done on transport modelling indicates that if we do not do something in that area, we will not be able to reach our targets through the other measures alone. We know how deeply difficult, unpopular and hard to do those things are. They have been done elsewhere, however, and they are things that Ireland will have take on in due course.