Seán Haughey (Dublin Bay North, Fianna Fail)
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I will try to develop the major question asked by Deputy Howlin. I thank the witnesses for coming here today. It has been a very useful presentation given that we are studying attitudes to democracy and the rule of law. The contribution of the witnesses is a part of that process. Unfortunately, we will not get to finish it but the insights into equality, inequality, social class, disadvantaged communities, voter turnout and alienation the witnesses have given us are valuable and worth considering further. We believe in liberal democratic values and the values of the EU. That is why we are studying this issue and looking into why liberal democratic values appear to be under threat. Dr. Cohen has put forward one view from her experience and her studies.

I have disadvantaged areas in my constituency including Darndale, Belcamp and Moativew; the Dublin 17 area generally. I understand the issues. I am retiring as a public representative after 40 years spent between the Dáil, the Seanad and Dublin City Council. Over those years, we have tried different things with Government including investment and the regeneration of Darndale, for example. Different schemes have come and gone and nothing ever seems work. I cannot say that we did not try, although things have improved compared to 40 years ago. There is major investment under way through normal Government expenditure and special schemes for disadvantaged areas. Why are liberal democratic values and the connection to democracy in decline in disadvantaged areas? Why is there this tendency to vote for the strongman leader, so to speak? We can think of examples across Europe. Why is there a swing towards the far right in these areas, to some degree, at least? This is the question Deputy Howlin asked as well. Why is populism popular in these areas and why are people prone to disinformation? I am following on from Deputy Howlin's question but from the witnesses' studies and experience why do they think people are attracted to the strongman leader and not the liberal, democratic alternative?