Dr. Diarmuid Torney:

Before answering the question about vested interests, I will come back to the Deputy's first point about equity. In the summary for policymakers in Volume 4 we have a section on equity, social inclusion and just transition. We call out those points the Deputy is making about the unequal contributions nationally and globally.

One of the key messages is "The wealthiest generate far more emissions than the average person and have the potential to significantly curtail these emissions without compromising their living standards". That very much emphasises the point the Deputy was making. Also, at a global level, a climate justice lens looking at what Ireland does does not just mean giving more climate finance to developing countries. Our biggest contribution to climate justice globally would be reducing our emissions here. I wanted to make those two points.

On the question of vested interests, the Deputy will be disappointed, perhaps, to hear we do not have a top three or a top five in the report. One can look at Ireland's greenhouse gas inventories and see which sectors are responsible and derive from that a view on which organisations are responsible. We do not call them out specifically. We say we need more research on vested interests. If we look internationally, there is more research on the role of vested interests in blocking climate action. There has been very little of that kind of research here.