Dr. Róisín Moriarty:

I refer to a point that speaks across all sectors. We talked a good deal about carrots to get behavioural change. At the moment, we still have climate and environmentally damaging subsidies. Harmful subsidies are a carrot for the fossil fuel industry and other industries that do environmental damage. They should be redirected to socially and environmentally enhancing activities instead of damaging ones. That is a big lever that can be pulled across all sectors. That sends a strong signal that damage to the climate and to the environment is no longer going to be supported by public subsidies. In terms of land use, the second phase of the land use review is ongoing and that is where they are speaking to all stakeholders involved with land use. We will see some research and information come out of that, which will gauge the appetite for change, what kind of changes can happen in land use and agriculture, and what the appetite is for forestry and for managing water tables. It is about that balance between having the research and needing to do more research to find out what are the big levers we can pull in land use and agriculture. However, protecting nature is something we can do that will have benefits for climate, carbon, nature and people, and it is something we can do in balance with all the other requirements for land use.