Dr. Michelle O'Sullivan:

In the German model the issue about criminal activity is specific to the monitoring of the Internet and emails. Outside of that, in other areas of surveillance of employees, there are strong co-determination rights so that works councils have co-determination powers in regard to the introduction and use of technology to monitor work. Countries such as Austria, Denmark, Norway and France all have laws that are about co-determination or consultation of worker representatives on anything regarding technology and monitoring performance.