Mr. Cormac Quinlan:

As Ms Duggan mentioned, I do not have data on the reunification but I do have some basic data on voluntary care. In 2022, we had 5,863 children in care, of whom 21% were in voluntary care and 79% were on orders. That is a reduction. This figure is down to 21% from a rate of 26% in 2019. The use of voluntary care is decreasing.

In response to the other point the Senator made at the start of her opening piece, she is correct and I could not agree with her more, that experiences of inequity in society by families and children definitely impacts on whether they are likely to become known to Tusla. Ms Duggan mentioned the importance of that in her opening statement.

Better Outcomes, Brighter Futures, BOBF, and the whole-of-government approach to addressing those inequalities in society are important. If we can address poverty and homelessness and those things we will see fewer children coming to the attention of child protection and welfare services. I could not agree with her more.

On child sexual exploitation, it is developing practice as it is a complex area of practice. We have a strong notification process to An Garda Síochána because it is a serious crime. We are adopting a much more trauma-informed approach to it. It is not about blaming the child for involvement in it. It is about exploring what has happened to them. We recognise they are victims of abuse by adults in powerful positions.