In collective action problems generally, collective identity is extremely important in obtaining the co-operative outcome. There may be helpful learnings there. As I said, it is a massively under-researched area because it is not a researched area at all. However, it is extremely important and can be done effectively in the climate context if we put enough resources towards it.

The issue of despair is definitely a problem. The evidence suggests that people can get so negative that they throw their hands up in the air. In this case, being able to see effective action taking place is crucial. That is where good news stories become really important. If we can see a community that has taken action, has changed something, has lowered its emissions and has improved its quality of life, we really need to spread those ideas. How best we spread them is a good thing to think about that. The best way to counter despair is to see successful action, as far as the research evidence suggests. It comes back the issue of how we spread it.