Mr. Niall McLoughlin:

On the global methane pledge, yes, we are signatories. The goal is a 30% worldwide reduction. A number of programmes have been focused on different areas and the initial focus has been on the fossil fuel industry in the first instance, and methane profiles from waste are also being examined. As a participant, we fully support initiatives for global methane action, including the land sector and the promotion of sustainable agriculture practices both here and abroad, and we recognise that methane emission reductions will have to be achieved globally in any event to meet the requirements of the Paris Agreement, in addition to reducing global carbon dioxide emissions by 45% by 2030 relative to the 2010 level and achieving net zero around mid-century. The EU has just prepared a methane plan, which is being reviewed. There is an expectation that signatories to the pledge will also take that up, so colleagues are engaging with the EU in the first instance on that issue.

On loss and damage, Ireland is seeking at every opportunity to support progress in this space, and we were one of the first movers in terms of funding and supporting the operation of the Santiago Network. Throughout the year, we have been progressing dialogue on finance for loss and damage while acknowledging the limitations in the current EU position and we are keen to influence the decision with the views of key stakeholders throughout the humanitarian, development and climate sectors.