Dr. Helen Russell:

I thank the Chair for her questions. On the issue of change over time, on which Dr. Tuda may also wish to respond, one of the issues we face is that we do not have good recent data. We have been working in a bit of a vacuum. The figures I provided, for 2018, are the most recent national figures available on the pay gap in Ireland. There are also EUROSTAT figures out there but they do not feature Ireland, which is a bit embarrassing. However, new data have just become available. It is important that we look at how those data track over time. We have looked at the issue from 2012 to 2018.