Ms Andrea Lennon:

On the specifics of the modelling, I am not sure about the consideration regarding e-bikes. We will come back to the committee on that. In the exercise we undertook this year on the transport model, in collaboration with the NTA and SYSTRA, we looked at the question of reducing kilometres travelled. We had four workshops and that was one of them. One of the key things we looked at was around car ownership, including measures looking at multiple car ownership and how that might be reduced. We also looked at the trips themselves and the question of differentiating, as the Chairman outlined, between shorter trips and longer trips. There is a different demand response there. Those kinds of issues are being taken into account in the review of modelling. The results of that review will be available very soon, in the course of the summer, and will inform our thinking.

We also have another study that is being carried out on e-bikes. It is a co-funded project with the SEAI and the output from that will also inform our thinking in this area. Part of the review process we did in the workshops was involving academics, policymakers and modellers in looking afresh at the model and seeing where we can get gains. It is primarily about addressing the 0.9 megatonnes gap we have. We want to look again at the balance of measures and whether we are hitting all the various measures we can to achieve the overall goal.