Mr. Bill Callanan:

I apologise if I inadvertently suggested it would be into the third budgetary period before we will have the feed additives. That is not correct. We will need them, and we have already identified them as required within this decade in terms of our contribution but what we are saying is that we identify a level of caution in terms of the roll-out.

In terms of where we are at, we have invested in research to look at the various types of feed additives, because there are multiples of them. There is a product called 3-NOP, there are oils, and seaweed is another one that has been mentioned. That project is ongoing and is working away. Simultaneously, there is a process at European level to ensure food safety conditions. That is undeniably the most important element to address first of all. That is through the European Food Safety Authority, EFSA. The 3-NOP product is well advanced through the EFSA process, and it may even have been concluded. We are combining that with the practical reality that any of the existing interventions, the most successful of which is 3-NOP, requires continual feeding and that is why it is for indoor systems. We have included it within our early achievement elements, based on the expectation that the animals can be fed when they are indoors, as is the case for dairy production and during the winter. What we then identified is that in the medium term we need the evolution of scientific mechanisms to add feed additives to pasture-based systems, which are not as yet developed. That will be required within the period from now to 2030 to bridge the gap in terms of achievement, not in the third period. Mr. Crammond might want to comment further.