Professor Aisling McMahon:

I disagree with that. If the contention is that some countries are unable to manufacture in some instances because they do not have the skills, I completely disagree. There is evidence to which I could point, and I am sure Dr. Eynikel and Mr. Clarken could add to it. mRNA vaccines have been upscaled since the start of the pandemic. We know that is the case in several countries. We also know that, for example, Afrigen, together with the WHO hub, has recently replicated in South Africa a vaccine similar to the Moderna vaccine. Therefore, we know there are skills there. We also know that over 100 companies are willing to try to manufacture mRNA vaccines. We know the skills exist. The literature points not to Mr. O'Connor's conclusion but to the conclusion that entities are willing and have the skills to produce vaccines if intellectual property rights are waived and if there is a transfer of know-how and technology. I am sure Mr. Eynikel can add to that.