Mr. Bobby Smith:

I can have a go first. I thank the Senator. It is important again to differentiate, similarly to Mr. Foley, between the 2030 horizon and post-2030. The 2.5 GW of battery storage in the pipeline at the moment that is pretty much ready to deliver would be more in the multi-hour space providing storage within a day. For instance, it would be charging at night when there is excess wind, then discharging that energy at the peak demand during hours, for example, between 5 p.m. and 7 p.m. and displacing fossil fuel peaking generation. That is where that 2.5 GW would play a big role. Going beyond 2030 and that final 10% to 20% we must decarbonise, that is when we get into the large and medium of storage such as green hydrogen or the other 100-hour plus energy storage technology that is going to play a role. That would be needed to cover these extended periods of low renewable output, for instance during winter when that energy storage medium is needed to cover those periods. That is where that comes into play. That is quite a lot of storage. I could not put an exact figure on it myself but it is a lot when talking about the final decarbonisation of the electricity sector. To get to 80% and get there efficiently, that is where that 2.5 GW comes into play and can play a very effective role.

Ms Doyle might comment on the investment as well.