Mr. Tom Conlon:

I do not intend to make up mine on the spot but in terms of the Senator's question, we had an interesting conversation with Deputy Conway-Walsh earlier on about the research space and about building capacity of technological universities.

In the research area, the validity and integrity of scientific results is extremely important, as are aspects such as export control legislation, dual use items, not allowing military research to go to rogue states and so on. There is a whole infrastructure in place in institutions to support researchers and make sure that happens. That is not as well developed in the academic integrity space at teaching and learning at undergraduate level. As my colleague Dr. Murphy said the insidious nature of this is the chilling part of it. I work a good deal in student well-being and student mental health. You take the opportunity of using the thing that is said to you for your exam and then it is found out. People should know better but they do not always know better. Sometimes they are in very complicated situations. A lack of academic integrity in an exam situation or around a submission of a paper situation has a devastating impact on students too. They should not do it but when they do it is devastating in terms of the outcome. I just wanted to make that point.