Mr. Dalton Tattan:

Regarding downgrading, essentially what we see in terms of the data coming through is that schools did overestimate. Some schools very significantly overestimated. If we compare the estimates they had in the calculated grades process with results from the past number of years, we can see that in some cases, they do not bear much resemblance. In some cases, there was a very high degree of overestimation. To have left that there would have created a huge level of unfairness because there were other schools and teachers who did estimate fairly and accurately based on the standardisation model that was applied. We should bear in mind that about 79% of grades were unchanged as a result of the standardisation model so four out of five grades remained unchanged after they had been put through the standardisation model.