Mr. Bill Callanan:

I have tried to answer it as best I can in terms of the challenge. With regard to nitrogen fertiliser, we track our fertiliser usage and that is important in that it is a contributor to our overall emissions from the sector. We want to see optimisation of that. The Teagasc marginal abatement cost, MAC, curve identifies the benefit of things like protected ureas. We have engaged with industry in terms of a movement towards protected ureas into the future, and we see that as important.

On the uptake of the 28 measures, we see these as key. The Department will be publishing a roadmap in terms of its delivery of actions that we have committed to within the climate change plan. This has been the focal point in regard to the discussions around CAP and how we get the balance right between regulating and incentivising, through measures such as CAP, the delivery of these actions. It certainly is front and centre in terms of the departmental thinking on that issue.

By way of example, we have a dairy sustainability initiative where all of the stakeholders get around the table to discuss how the dairy industry can grow and develop but, at the same time, contribute to its environmental objectives. Out of that came a very positive project where the Department of Agriculture, Food and the Marine has put ten advisers on the ground, the Department of Housing, Planning and Local Government is committing ten advisers, and Teagasc is implementing that. At the same time, industry is putting in ten advisers to work with farmers in areas of vulnerability in terms of water quality. We see this as important collaboration between the dairy industry and the two Departments towards the achievement of sustainability, and, naturally, that has benefits in terms of climate as well. We are very interested in that engagement between industry and Government in regard to the delivery of those actions.

I will leave the issue of curriculum change to Teagasc.