Mr. James Benson:

We have known about this for quite some time. We were heavily involved in the consultation on Part L, which concerns conservation of fuel and energy. It is heavily linked to Part F, which concerns ventilation. The closing date for initial submissions to the consultation was about this time last year. We have been heavily involved since. It was announced on the signing of the statutory instruments that Part L will come into effect on 31 October 2019, with substantial completion required for 31 October 2020.

The requirements for nearly zero energy buildings allow for multiple options. The calculation is based on averages. There will definitely be a move towards heat recovery systems. We will probably see an increase in the number of electrical heat pumps. That does not negate the option of natural ventilation. It is more difficult to achieve but that option remains. We recognise that. As we touched on earlier in reference to available skill sets, the credibility of apprenticeships and the large numbers entering the mechanical and electrical areas will improve skills in this particular area. It is important that regulations applied to new stock create high confidence in standards and provide assurance to consumers. That will complement the retrofit details that will come down the line.