Mr. Jim Gannon:

With regard to aggregation, in any jurisdiction this is what people are moving towards. In Ireland accessible public sector and publicly funded stock is quite important and can be a catalyst. We can turn it up or down in economic downturns and upturns, but we can also understand explicitly the inventory and perhaps engage with contractors on the basis that we can guarantee X number of homes and they should recruit the rest.

Internationally and across Europe people are puzzling over the issue of the split incentive between landlords and tenants. It is very difficult and is likely to be a combination of regulation and incentive.

On moving away for the grants for shallow retrofits, it is important that we encourage people to move to deeper and greater investment but not through guilt. Separately, for those who want to do just what they can it is important that we do not disincentivise them. We need to look at a blended option for different people who can afford to do different things. I shall hand over to Ms Coyle to address the query on ventilation, but I also acknowledge that our warmth and well-being programme looks explicitly - with international health experts - at the benefits for people with COPD of retrofitting the home. That would encompass projects such as the healthy homes project in Tipperary and it is core also to deep retrofit, including the empirical evidence we are generating off the back of it.