Mr. Rob Doyle:

The bulk of the long journeys made by sea are run by dedicated livestock carriers. Ireland is well recognised as having the highest standards in the world. We have specific legislation under which we approve ships. There are two veterinary inspectors and we work with marine engineers to approve vessels. All of the trade is from Irish to Turkish ports and the number of cattle involved depends on the size of the ship used. One interesting point is that exporters are paid by weight of the animals delivered. For a couple of weeks before they are exported to Turkey, the cattle are generally put on a special diet while in quarantine. They are also fed on the ship. A lot of the exporters have reported that cattle actually put on weight while on the ships. If cattle welfare is compromised, they do not thrive. For the long trips to Turkey, it is currently the only form of transport the Department will approve.