Ms Olivia Buckley:

I will take the comments on the entrepreneurs relief. Ms O'Brien will deal with tax administration.

It is very difficult to get numbers in terms of businesses lost the UK, although we hear constant feedback because capital and talent are mobile. It is very easy for both to move out of the country. The Institute for Fiscal Studies, IFS, did a report and, I understand, made a submission to the Department of Finance in the lead-up to the budget. It examined the entrepreneurs relief rating in the UK and Ireland. I understand the report received some coverage in the media. It warned that Ireland risked being at a competitive disadvantage given the attractiveness of the UK regime. In terms of a London think tank saying Ireland is at a disadvantage, its observations are indicative.

We have examined other countries' patterns of progress. Sweden is jumping up the rankings in the latest OECD report in terms of its performance. Funding, venture capital and investment are very successful areas for it. Stockholm is a very successful city and is the same size as Dublin, yet it finds itself in the upper ranking of entrepreneurship, unicorn companies and high growth and high performance. We need to examine countries like that.

Mr. Martin Curley, the head of the EU open innovation and strategy policy group, was on "Morning Ireland" today. He talked about how Israel is the most innovative country and its success in scale-ups. We have examined it in terms of its introduction of funding, concentration on venture capital and entrepreneurship.

We have learned that a deliberate policy intention and implementation that is pro entrepreneurial has been effective in the likes of Israel, London and Stockholm. Perhaps that is a lesson we can consider in Ireland.