Professor Aisling Reynolds-Feighan:

Each of the different modes of transport has limits to their usage. For example, people are not prepared to walk more than 2 km on a regular commute. That limits the extent to which walking as a strategy can be used. The average distance people will cycle to work is 6 km to 8 km. Again, it limits the scope to which cycling and cycle paths can be deployed as a mode of transport outside of urban areas.

Hub and spoke systems are about feeding passengers into the public transport services from small towns and locales. This will build critical mass and increase the density to make the public transport service provision more viable. One needs to increase frequency of service which effects a positive cycle and draws more people in. Outside of urban areas, one is talking about motorised transport to link into the public transport corridor.