Mr. Lars Himmer:

If I may combine a couple of the comments, I agree that the sooner we find out what happened, who did what and why they did it, the better. We all ask that question - consumers, the public and employees - and look for those answers. I hope that they come quickly, but I do not have a date for them. It is also important that we not jump to conclusions. We want to find the right people and understand the reasons.

Taxation in Ireland and many other European countries has been focused on carbon dioxide whereas the software in the engines addressed nitrogen oxide, NOx, which is not related to taxation. Distinguishing between the two is important. We are committed to lowering CO2 emissions further. Diesel is more efficient than petrol, which pays when one has a higher mileage. Our new management team and CEO have stated that we will only develop diesel engines with selective catalytic reduction, SCR, and AdBlue, which is cleaner. We will also focus more aggressively on our electrical vehicles.

Wolfsburg, the home of Volkswagen, is a special place. Its factory is interesting. Along the assembly line, different models have the same platform. One can see a Golf that comes as a petrol, the next Golf along the line is a diesel, the next uses compressed natural gas, CNG, the next is a plug-in hybrid and the next is electrical. We want to push emissions down and we have the different technologies and vehicles to do it.

The software update should have no impact on CO2. Therefore, there should be no tax implications.