Mr. Liam Fahey:

For any land that is designated as Natura, be it under a special protection area, SPA or SAC, there is a prescription for each of those habitats that must be abided by. That is drawn up by NPWS. Each habitat has its own set of criteria of what one can and cannot do. A farmer who wishes to do something over and above what is allowed must get permission from NPWS. In the case of culverts and embankments it is up to NPWS to make the decision whether it will interfere with the habitat, biodiversity of flora and fauna or whatever. If it gives permission, the work can proceed.