Dr. Adrian Corcoran:

We are a competent authority for ReFuelEU. There are a couple of competent authorities in Ireland for it but we are the competent authority in relation to airlines and airports. There are two core elements to that. One is mandates on the use of sustainable aviation fuel. Since 1 January last, all fuel supplied for aviation in Europe has to be 2% SAF. It is a small start, but it is a start. By 2030, the figure will increase to 6%. By 2050, it will be up to 60%. There are stepped mandates throughout the period to 2050. There is also part of that regulation which is trying to prevent the airlines from tankering fuel for economic reasons. Tankering fuel obviously burns more fuel because of carrying the extra weight, but airlines may also take the opportunity to have their aircraft pick up fuel where it is cheaper and carry it with them. The regulation prevents that. Since 1 January, airlines have to pick up 90% of the fuel needed for their journey at each stop and our remit is to assess whether or not they did that at the end of the year.