Mr. Nicholas Tarrant:

I can comment on the work we have under way in ESB Networks. I know EirGrid also has a programme around flexibility. The first thing to reference is the national energy demand strategy, which we are working on as part of a group led by our own Department, and we are working closely with the regulator as part of that. Under that umbrella, there are a number of different work streams. One of them is around having flexible connections so that people will use electricity differently. Under the umbrella of the smart metering programme, we can encourage more flexible use of electricity such as by moving off-peak and having different tariff regimes. Then there is the procurement of flexibility. The Deputy mentioned things like batteries. We are about to go out to the market for up to 500 MW of flexibility to help harness the renewables, help shift demand and, as part of that, address the areas of constraint we have in the network. There is a lot of work and there has been huge growth in the deployment of large-scale batteries in Ireland over the last few years.