Ms Bronagh Riordan:

I will be concise. I thank the Senator for her excellent question.

To follow up on what Professor Smeaton said, one of the key elements is about the quality of data that feeds into prediction going forward. There is a couple of things we can to do mitigate that in future, one of which we have identified as making sure there are diverse, equitable and inclusive development experts who consider potential biases and understand the future impact. Another element is the human oversight or having a human in the loop to make sure a human checks, when first rolling out new algorithms, to make sure that it is fair, equitable and precise. Literacy and education are so important for people, either in development or in usage, in order that we know if there is any bias or unfairness within that.