Ms Angela Ryan:

On leakage targets and levels, as part of the recast drinking water directive transposed into Irish legislation, there is a requirement for Ireland to report back to the European Commission on leakage levels. All member states will have to report back by 1 January 2026. We will develop our calculations and submit them at that time. When those calculations go in, the purpose is to ensure that we can harmonise leakage reduction across Europe. When Ireland declares its targets, the European Commission will set targets for the ambitions of all member states. It will set a target and Ireland will have a further two years to submit its proposals to reach those targets. At present, we have set our target using a sustainable economic level of leakage of 20%. We see that as an ambition up to 2030. It is not a hard figure that will potentially be there in the long term. It will be influenced by the European Commission and standards from other European member states. There is a large degree of variability across Europe. Some countries have very good leakage levels in the order of 10% to 15%. The average is around 20%. We are looking to achieve that average figure at present.