I was lucky enough to be taught by a man whose ideal polity was the Holy Roman Empire and for whom the sun rose on Christmas Day in 800 when Charlemagne was crowned in Cologne Cathedral. The empire actually crashed to pieces at Ravenna seven centuries later. This poses the question of what is Europe. De Gaulle had a view of a Europe extending from the Atlantic to the Urals. I do not think it included us at the time but, nevertheless, we will be charitable to him. Where will the borders of Europe be? Presumably, one cannot adopt new countries indefinitely but there must be some degree of permeability. I am interested in hearing Mr. McCartin's views on what will happen in respect of the Mediterranean and north Africa.