The task force proposes a series of immediate measures to reduce NCHD working hours to 58 by next August. These include the reduction of tiered on-call, use of cross-cover arrangements across specialties, new working patterns for NCHDs and a set of specific measures aimed at reducing NCHD workloads in areas such as radiology, phlebotomy, pathology, pharmacy and surgery. In the longer term, we also need a number of other key initiatives such as a consultant provided service to replace the current largely consultant led system and changes to the existing system of medical education so that doctors can be trained within a 48 hour working week. If doctors can be trained in a 40 hour week in other parts of the EU, I do not know why they cannot be trained in a 48 hour week here.