I would like to deal with the religious aspect of the treaty. Although it is not central to the treaty, I will comment on it largely to be provocative. I have no real difficulty with the reference in the draft treaty to the recognition of specific churches, as I recognise that they have been significant social forces in Europe for a long time. I would have a difficulty with a preamble, were it to emerge, which reflected the Preamble of the Irish Constitution. Although its tradition is basically Judeo-Christian – the Christian churches are responsible for much of its culture and most of its historical problems – it should be acknowledged that Europe is a diverse place. A large percentage of European people, including citizens of this country, do not adhere to the beliefs of the Christian churches or other churches. A significant percentage of European people adhere to churches that are not Judeo-Christian. There are substantial Muslim minorities in France and Britain. One can try to list these churches and to draw together a formula which acknowledges them and genuflects in their direction, but I think it would be meaningless to do so. I would prefer to see a defined distinction between church and state and a clear statement that this treaty is between states and is intended to govern the secular world rather than anything else.