Most auctioneers, because they are members of the two largest auctioneering bodies, the Irish Auctioneers and Valuers Institute or the Institute of Professional Auctioneers and Valuers, are obliged by their membership of these bodies to comply with conditions of membership. Both bodies have disciplinary committees which deal with complaints from members of the public in relation to auctioneers or valuers. The Minister understands the auctioneering institutes do expel and fine members, order the return of part or all of the fees charged/or outlay, or impose other penalties where these actions are deemed warranted. He also understands both the IAVI and the IPAV, the two main auctioneering organisations, have adopted a code of conduct for their members.