There is no way for us to oblige states to hold referenda, but we can encourage them to do so. Various delegates to the Convention have suggested that the member states they represent would hold consultative referenda on the treaty because they already have constitutional provisions in place. For example, Belgium has to go through its layers of regional and national governance before an EU treaty can be finally ratified by the national parliament. This is a broad consultative process which ends up as a ratification by a national parliament and, in terms of debate, is arguably a more effective means of ratification. Bearing in mind the diversity of Europe, the bottom line is that we cannot oblige states to fit into our shoes. We must respect the concerns, interests, experience and history of other states in the EU.