There is also the question of clarification on the extent to which the European Charter of Fundamental Rights applies to European citizens. The bottom line on that is that it applies in so far as the EU institutions are acting on foot of European decisions. In other words, where the Council accedes to certain measures agreed by the Parliament, the rights applied under the charter would apply or where member states are implementing decisions agreed at European level, rights would apply in that case. They would not apply, however, in circumstances where a member state is acting under its own constitution in implementing matters which have not, or are unlikely to be dealt with, by the European Union and we can all think of such examples.