A number of measures have been introduced to facilitate expenditure control with Departments. These are: improvements in risk assessment measures and the introduction of contingency planning to cater for unforeseen pressures which may emerge as the year progresses; a requirement for spending on demand-led schemes to be managed effectively as with other spending programmes; and incentives for Departments to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. For example, where Departments secure savings as a result of efficiency measures or steps they have taken to curtail a programme, these should, as a general rule, be available for other high priority programmes within the same Department.