Later in 1991, however, Iraq suppressed rebellions in the south and north of the country, creating a humanitarian disaster on the borders with Turkey and Iran. A UN Special Commission was established, in co-operation with the International Atomic Energy Agency, to ensure that Iraq was free of weapons of mass destruction and to establish a long-term monitoring programme to see that it remained free of prohibited weapons. In 1994, Saddam Hussein amalgamated the positions of Prime Minister and President. In 1998, Iraq ended all forms of co-operation with the UN Special Commission. Iraq asked the UN to replace its United States and United Kingdom staff there in 1999 and it rejected new proposals in relation to weapons inspections in 2000.