Subsection (11) lists the categories of non-national that are exempt from the employment permit requirement and whose employment therefore is not encompassed by this provision. These categories are: recognised refugees – paragraph (a) – and members of their families who have been admitted to the State to join them – paragraph (b); programme refugees admitted under section 24 of the Refugee Act, which is also covered in paragraph (b); EU nationals, nationals of the three additional states of the European economic area – Norwegians, Icelanders and citizens of Liechtenstein – and Swiss nationals, all of whom are entitled to participate in the Irish labour market by virtue of our membership of the EU or other international agreements; and other non-nationals whose permission to remain in the State includes a condition that they may work without an employment permit. The latter category includes those who, though not refugees, have been given permission to remain in the State for reasons of a humanitarian nature as well as those whose basis for remaining in the State is that they are parents of Irish citizen children.