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Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...to highlight that in considering the opportunity for carbon storage, it is first important to recognise that our land is a net emitter at present, principally driven by emissions associated with peat soils, historically drained and now in agricultural use. I will now address carbon storage and removal and an enabling framework. Carbon removal offers the potential for a new income...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Tim Lombard: ...sector. The presentation was detailed and I will raise a few issues on which I would like the witnesses to elaborate. Reference was made in the presentation to more than 30,000 ha of carbon-rich peat soils under agricultural management in Ireland. That amounts to between 7% and 9% of the agricultural landholding. It was stated that issues arise in terms of the land management of these...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Ms Deirdre Fay: One of the research projects, called the re-peat project, aims to acquire a high-quality version of the complete series of the old bog commissioners' maps and other available peat maps and carry out extensive field visit verification of map boundaries. It will utilise image classification tools and high-resolution imagery to identify, with a high degree of precision,...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...likes of carbon capture, storage and land management. We are seeing technology coming on board internationally to do that but it is at a very early stage. We are looking at the management of peat soil in a situation where farmers are struggling to fatten cattle off it and so on. Whether carbon is priced at €20 or €60 a tonne is one thing; there is a clear direction of...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Matt Carthy: On peatlands, it is estimated that 300,000 ha of carbon-rich peat soils are under agricultural management. It is fair to say that this land is very much concentrated in a relatively small number of counties. Is that correct?

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Mr. Bill Callanan: Yes, that is my understanding. Peat soils tend to be marginal land. Traditionally, they have been boggy areas. I am not being disparaging, but I will call it that. It is the nature of those areas.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...for the committee to put to the EPA. As I understand it, over a thousand lines of various inventory data are used to populate our overall emissions. There are emission factors associated with peat under agricultural usage. If we talk about peat soils, many of the peat soils here are grass-covered. Internationally, many of them are in horticulture production, because traditionally there...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Mr. Bill Callanan: I have responsibility in nitrates overall. I assure the Deputy no plans have been identified for restrictions in relation to that peat soil that I am aware of from a nitrates point of view.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Michael Fitzmaurice: I am trying to establish this for the benefit of farmers from Donegal to Kerry. I am talking about reclaimed land. There is either lough or peat; there is white marl or peat. If it is 170 kg per ha around the country in general under nitrates, I think Mr. Callanan is saying those farms will not be restricted from carrying a stocking rate the same as any other, with regard to these 80,000...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...nature, which means they are very variable. Land use in Ireland is a net emitter of greenhouse gases. This is due to the relatively low land area under forestry and a large area of drained peat soils. In the 2018 inventory, forests and associated harvested wood products sequestered 4.8 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent, wetlands emitted 2.5 million tonnes of CO2 equivalent and grasslands...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...averages for what the emissions or sequestration are for various practices or land uses. There is a huge effort going on to get national emissions factors so that we know, for example, how much peat soils in Ireland emit rather than using these international averages. There are a number of projects going on that are mapping the country so we will have much better data. I do not think we...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...all of those farms. In addition, we have our national agricultural soil carbon observatory. With that we are directly measuring the volume of CO2 being taken up and released by mineral grassland, peat grassland and under a variety of different soil types and a variety of different measurements. We then use those measurements to train the models and then utilise the models in conjunction...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...3 tonnes of methane in CO2 equivalents. That is 6 tonnes of CO2 equivalents and when the fertiliser is added in it comes to approximately 10 tonnes per hectare. The problem we have with the peat soils is that we are using tier 1 emission factors at the moment, which are essentially these generic emission factors.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...land but entire fields. That is what NASCO is. We then get direct measurement annually on the amount of sequestration going on in our mineral soils and the amount of emissions coming out of the peat soils.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Michael Fitzmaurice: Dr. Lanigan referred to peat soils earlier. I worked on the raised bog, raised bog habitat and so forth. Every area is different. Dr. Lanigan said Teagasc is doing 30 areas in the country. With the best will in the world, I know Teagasc cannot be everywhere to even trace where active raised bog habitat is in some bogs and even in the blanket bogs - and the witness is correct in saying...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

...and we observe the carbon emissions associated with what we call organomineral soils. These are clay soils with a heavy subsoil and quite a high organic matter topsoil. It would quite be peaty but it would be a nice dark brown to black in colour. That typically has carbon in the range of 10% to 20% and it needs above 20% to be called peat. We are looking again at trying to improve our...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Michael Fitzmaurice: We call it marly or lochy type of land. There is a very small volume of matter - it is not peat - and the ground under it does not allow water down, to put it very simply. The witnesses have no research yet on that.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Dr. Karl Richards: We have, although again I may be speaking for Dr. Lanigan. We have done some modelling and compared mineral soils, organomineral soils and peat soils. As Dr. Lanigan outlined, the peat soils were emitting approximately between 8 Mt and 9 Mt of carbon in total. Those organomineral soils were emitting between 1.8 Mt and 2 Mt of carbon, or a quarter of the amount. The...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

.... That is not recognised now. We must get to a policy and regulatory system, through some kind of public-private partnership, that allows us to determine the carbon content and, in the case of peat soils, to reduce what we lose, and with mineral soils, to determine how we can get more storage. It must also include hedges and trees. Could we, for example, have a campaign to remove...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Agriculture, Food and the Marine: Carbon Sequestration and Storage in Agriculture: Discussion (17 Nov 2021)

Mr. Bill Callanan: I will ask my colleague, Ms Fay, to outline some of the research work we are doing on peat soils, such as the identification of them. The first step is to identify where they are and we have a project in that regard. On the management of peat soils, we have two innovation projects that are being rolled out to effectively establish what are the best management practices...