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Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Hildegarde Naughton: ...on Climate Action. We have received apologies from Deputy Martin Heydon. On behalf of the committee I extend a warm welcome to Mr. John McElligott and Mr. Eddie Mitchell from Safety Before LNG; Ms Julia Walsh from Frack Action; Dr. Paul Deane from the MaREI Centre; Professor Barry McMullin, Dublin City University; and Professor Robert W. Howarth, who is joining us via video call from...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

...these methane emissions, the use of shale gas in the United States has an even greater negative impact on the climate than coal, when we consider methane on the timescale of 20 years after it is emitted. LNG imported to Ireland from the United States would have an even greater greenhouse gas footprint. To liquefy and transport the gas requires a substantial volume of energy. To import 1...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

...being granted in the North. I have been invited back by local campaigners to address the potential use of US fracked gas in Ireland and specifically the proposed Shannon liquefied natural gas, LNG, import terminal. New York has had its own experience with LNG terminals. In 2015 the Governor, Andrew Cuomo, rejected the permit for the Port Ambrose LNG terminal and instead granted licences...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

.... We examined the effect a major supply interruption from Russia would have on Europe. We found that Ireland could sustain an interruption period of up to ten months without the need for LNG infrastructure. Ireland's gas system is strongly linked with the UK gas network. To date in 2019 LNG imports, primarily from Qatar, Russia and Algeria which supply gas from conventional sources...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

...deployment of wind and solar energy generation, there are, in fact, multiple technologically feasible alternatives, but it would require another full session to unpack them in detail. Regarding LNG, the general case for natural gas as a transitional lower intensity fossil fuel is relatively weak, but in the specific case of liquefied natural gas, it is undermined by two further critical...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Hildegarde Naughton: We will move on to Safety Before LNG. Mr. McElligott and Mr. Mitchell will share time.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

...harms of fracking in North America is at risk if we create a demand for fracked gas here. From 2017 on, we knew that the United States planned to export its gas and take a 15% stake in the global LNG market. It was talking about lending Europe its gas until we got over our fear of fracking. Knowing this and seeing renewed interest in the Shannon LNG proposal, we became concerned and...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

...backdrop of Mr. Mitchell and I interacting with the European Commission on the PCI issue directly, as members of civil society, that we speak to the joint committee about the matter. Having an LNG terminal on the Shannon Estuary would be dangerous to people within a 3 mile radius, will sterilise the Shannon Estuary for future development owing to the exclusion zones that would be...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Timmy Dooley: ...aim to achieve net zero emissions by 2050, we must consider how the overall importation of gas from the existing interconnectors fits into the overall mix of energy we use. Do we really need an LNG terminal on the west coast, whether it be fracked gas or other gas? Consideration must be given to these issues. The Department could advise us in that regard. I suggest that any analysis be...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Dr. Paul Deane: In essence, the question is whether we need LNG. From the detailed modelling we have undertaken in UCC, it is not entirely obvious that LNG infrastructure will be required in Ireland. We have modelled in detail supply interruptions coming from Russia and independently coming from Norway and north Africa. The lights have remained on in Ireland in all our simulations, which...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Timmy Dooley: In Dr. Deane's analysis, he considered the stability of the European market and resilience through diversification by virtue of access to LNG facilities in Portugal and Spain. Is that supply of LNG also from the US or is it from the same sources? I do not mean we should accept it by the back door, given there is an issue if something is built for the sake of it and there will be...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

John Brassil: ...EirGrid and possibly Professor John FitzGerald, who sat on the Irish Energy Research Council and is an independent assessor of our energy needs. The majority of our guests are not in favour of the LNG facility. For balance, I must point to some statements made by what I consider relevant bodies. The Irish Academy of Engineering's report on the security of Ireland's gas supply of July...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

David Cullinane: ...very helpful. He spoke about the general case for natural gas as a transitional lower intensity fossil fuel, which has already been shown as very weak. He states that the specific case of LNG is undermined by two further critical factors. The first is that liquefied transport is itself an energy intensive process, which reduces the net energy yield. The second factor is that it is...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Dr. Paul Deane: With respect to financial feasibility, it must compete with cheaper pipeline imports to Europe and cheaper imports of LNG from outside Europe, particularly from Qatar and Russia. There is financial competition and Irish consumers could access some of that liquidity, and not just by accessing the liquidity through the interconnector to the United Kingdom. There is also the...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

...we can expect the oversupply to diminish and I can imagine that the United States will again look out for its own energy security. It is dangerous to assume that our country will continue to export LNG ten or 20 years into the future. I would be very surprised if that were the case.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Alice-Mary Higgins: Slovenia and Croatia have put together a PCI for renewable energy sources and have prioritised that as their project of common interest. If Ireland was to develop renewable energy, LNG energy would still have higher priority access to the network. Is that what Mr. McElligott is saying?

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Mr. John McElligott: It is even worse than that. The project has to get priority access to the infrastructure, but the power plant which will be fuelled by LNG has to get priority access. I hope that answers the Senator's question.

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Alice-Mary Higgins: I have had a wonderfully lengthy answer, which is good. Based on what Ms Walsh said, I understand that our potential purchase of this LNG is a driver in the development of liquefication plants and a terminal in the United States. It is different from the importation of mixed-source gas. As I understand it, LNG terminals can only be used for LNG, so we are specifically prioritising and...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Dr. Paul Deane: I will do my best to answer those questions as succinctly as I can. I refer to UK fracked gas coming into Ireland. The UK has imported a number of LNG shipments from the US in the past number of months, which get diluted in the general gas mix. We import significant volumes of gas from the UK. That is the point I was making. I was not necessarily referring to indigenous...

Joint Oireachtas Committee on Climate Action: Hydraulic Fracturing Exploration: Discussion (9 Oct 2019)

Eamon Ryan: ...seek to achieve the net zero target by 2030. I mention that as an example of how people are upping the ante in this regard. I have referred to the application of CCS. I understand a floating LNG terminal is now being considered. The idea might be to attach it to a combined cycle gas plant. I assume it would be argued that this would be CCS-compatible. Is that a fair assumption?