Dr. Dan McQuillan:

I completely accept the premise in the sense that there are real risks to sovereignty here. I understand why that is a primary concern. I will break it down in a couple of ways. To follow on from what I was saying, there is a kind of algorithmic sovereignty problem based on the way the algorithms actually work. You cannot really control what they are doing, if that is what sovereignty means, or rely on the outputs. Stepping back a little bit to the more political economy side of it, there are a couple of problems. One is the narrative around sovereignty and the way it has evolved. All of the big companies are, in a way, offering sovereignty as a service at the moment. They have cottoned on to this, at least since 2022 or 2023. The big companies like Google, Microsoft, OpenAI, Amazon and some of the other large language model companies are saying that they will provide sovereignty. They say they will provide governments with control over data, privacy, compliance and all of these things while eliding the fundamental relationship, which is that these are services they are then in control of providing to you rather than something you actually control.