Mr. Bill Callanan:

To apprise everybody, the reality is that the accounting mechanism in terms of LULUCF at European level changed post 2025. That has made a difference in terms of net-net versus gross-net accounting. Yes, we are on track in terms of 2025. It is becoming increasingly challenging in terms of 2025-30, however, and that is clear. The issues that arise in terms of that are, first, to recognise that the inventory has changed four times in five years, so our greatest effort is around understanding what is happening in terms of land use emissions. We have invested heavily in NASCO, the soil carbon observatory, which Teagasc is implementing on our behalf to better understand. We have the highest density of those machines per square kilometre anywhere in Europe, as we understand it, but the big drivers of the emissions on LULUCF have also changed. First, on forestry, we were in removals. Because of the age class and the type of land that was planted, that will convert to an emission factor by 2030. Similarly, in terms of peatlands, agricultural peat was seen to be a particularly negative emission - in other words, an emitter rather than a remover. The volume of that area has reduced because of work that has been done in terms of the amount of land that is fully drained or rewetted, etc. All those factors have changed. They also impact the volume of work you have to do to achieve your targets because the emissions have reduced per hectare; therefore, the hectares, in terms of restoration etc., also have to increase. It is a challenging space. Up to 2025, Ireland Inc. is in a good space in terms of its EU targets, but up to 2030 there is a delta target 0.626 megatonnes. That is incredibly challenging to achieve, particularly because of our peat soils and their age class.

Does Mr. Moore want to comment on the forestry side of that?