Dr. John Evans:

The algorithms are mainly captured by Articles 34 and 35 of the Digital Services Act. I will let my colleagues come in on this in a second, but if there is any aspect of the provision of a platform service, which includes the underlying algorithm, that creates a risk, the platform is supposed to put in place mitigation measures. If we think a platform is not doing enough, we can act. For example, Mr. Kenny talked about rabbit-hole effects. That is essentially an algorithm issue, or a recommender system issue. In that case it was TikTok. If TikTok has not put in place adequate measures to prevent harmful rabbit-hole effects occurring, it is potentially liable for a fine. That is an ongoing investigation and we will see how that goes. As part of the investigation process, the team will be testing the algorithm. There are experts at the European Commission. We are about to recruit our own team. There is also a centre for algorithmic excellence in Barcelona, which the European Commission uses. In terms of expertise, the big guns are there and are available to use.