Ms Celia Cranfield:

When we talk about the transactional approach, what I am talking about, at least in the EU context, is the approach to Global Gateway. This was launched in 2021-2022 as a strategy for supporting partner countries in developing infrastructure for digital transport and energy, with the idea that this would also be supporting the EU's digital and green transitions, particularly in terms of acquisition of critical raw materials. As far as we know, that was never meant to be the development policy. Where we are now is that the request to scale up Global Gateway is putting the entire consensus on development at European level at risk. What is not front and centre in the Global Gateway strategy as a strategy - and it is a potentially viable strategy in certain contexts - is sustainable development in line with partner countries' interests.