Ms Noelle O'Connell:

No worries, that might prompt me to try and keep to my time, as I see it. Apologies, it is the Blarney gift of the gab.

I thank Deputy Crowe. He correctly identified the challenge of polling. As he knows, polls are a snapshot in time. The fieldwork sample for this took place between 26 and 28 March. That was even before the announcement by President Trump of the wider trade and tariffs as well. It is but a snapshot in time.

As the Deputy correctly identified, the period 2018 to 2019 was when Brexit and all the various Brexit goings-on and the challenges were at their - what is the diplomatic way of putting it? - peak. We saw a significant ramp-up of support, at 93% and 92%, for Irish EU membership but also, more broadly, that solidarity that the EU gave in spades in response to the challenges faced by the island of Ireland due to the Brexit vote. It is great to see that level of support and solidarity.

The other findings, as the Deputy said, were impacted. We asked some questions about Covid and whether people felt the EU response to the Covid pandemic had been efficient. We tried to frame the questions with the topics of the time. I know Deputy Crowe. I have been before him many times. Who would have thought three or four years ago that we would be asking questions about the Russian invasion of Ukraine? Those are the challenges, but it is in the round that we are looking at this.

Unfortunately, in terms of our question on the EU going in the right direction, the questions that the Deputy has are those that were asked. Sadly, we are not able to do a deeper dive, but what is borne out across the ten years plus that we have been doing this polling is that, while they are framed by their time, the overarching guideline and support in engagement has remained fairly constant and consistent.