Ms Niamh Ní Bhriain:

I will come in briefly on the interpretation of international security and conflict prevention and then the question of interests that the European Union sets out for its military missions. It has four pillars, including peace and security, which are very laudable aims, but the fourth aim is to protect European interests. It is stated directly and you do not have to read it between the lines. The EU sets out very clearly that these missions are very much driven by protecting European interests. On this, they do not align with international law. We have already mentioned the various ways in which the EU has been violating international law and these missions are hugely problematic. I have brought along one of the reports that we did on 20 years of EU military missions. Horrific human rights violations have been perpetrated by military personnel trained by the European Union - predominantly in Africa, because that is where most of the missions are - including military coups and horrific human rights violations. We are also financing their lethal equipment. In my opening remarks I gave the example of Mali. Tens of millions of euro was sent to Niger in the run-up to the coup.