John Clendennen (Offaly, Fine Gael)

I thank the witnesses for coming in. As they have said, this is a transition which will be disruptive and expensive. Based on our journey so far towards carbon neutrality, what has been the biggest learning from an initiative that was proposed, discussed and rolled out but did not succeed? How have we taken that on board in terms of where we are now in this exercise?

I fully agree with what other members have said about data centres. They are a reality. None of us wants our daily phone usage to be restricted and we need to find a solution there. Private wires definitely form part of that solution.

In terms of investment from a public versus private perspective and a cost-benefit analysis, have the witnesses any breakdown as to how they see that unfolding?

I turn to disruption, which I raised in the past about moving from carbon fuel usage in home heating to full deep retrofit and potential intermediary use of HVO or other fuel sources. HVO has worked in transportation. Why can it not work in home heating?